By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Define homeostasis
Describe the factors affecting homeostasis
Discuss positive and negative feedback mechanisms used in homeostasis
Describe thermoregulation of endothermic and ectothermic animals

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe the system of blood flow through the body
Describe how blood pressure is regulated

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

List the basic components of the blood
Compare red and white blood cells
Describe blood plasma and serum

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe the structure of the heart and explain how cardiac muscle is different from other muscles
Describe the cardiac cycle
Explain the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries, and how blood flows through the body

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe an open and closed circulatory system
Describe interstitial fluid and hemolymph
Compare and contrast the organization and evolution of the vertebrate circulatory system

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system
Explain how the different glands work together to maintain homeostasis

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain how hormones work
Discuss the role of different types of hormone receptors

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain how hormones regulate the excretory system
Discuss the role of hormones in the reproductive system
Describe how hormones regulate metabolism
Explain the role of hormones in different diseases

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain how hormone production is regulated
Discuss the different stimuli that control hormone levels in the body

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

List the different types of hormones
Explain their role in maintaining homeostasis

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain adaptive immunity
Compare and contrast adaptive and innate immunity
Describe cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response
Describe immune tolerance

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Explain cross-reactivity
Describe the structure and function of antibodies
Discuss antibody production

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe hypersensitivity
Define autoimmunity

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Describe physical and chemical immune barriers
Explain immediate and induced innate immune responses
Discuss natural killer cells
Describe major histocompatibility class I molecules
Summarize how the proteins in a complement system function to destroy extracellular pathogens

By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:

Classify the different types of bones in the skeleton
Explain the role of the different cell types in bone
Explain how bone forms during development