By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe how a karyogram is created
Explain how nondisjunction leads to disorders in chromosome number
Compare disorders that aneuploidy causes
Describe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Discuss Sutton’s Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
Describe genetic linkage
Explain the process of homologous recombination, or crossing over
Describe chromosome creation
Calculate the distances between three genes on a chromosome using a three-point test cross
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Identify the parts of a typical leaf
Describe the internal structure and function of a leaf
Compare and contrast simple leaves and compound leaves
List and describe examples of modified leaves
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe how red and blue light affect plant growth and metabolic activities
Discuss gravitropism
Understand how hormones affect plant growth and development
Describe thigmotropism, thigmonastism, and thigmogenesis
Explain how plants defend themselves from predators and respond to wounds
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Identify the two types of root systems
Describe the three zones of the root tip and summarize the role of each zone in root growth
Describe the structure of the root
List and describe examples of modified roots
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the main function and basic structure of stems
Compare and contrast the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue
Distinguish between primary growth and secondary growth in stems
Summarize the origin of annual rings
List and describe examples of modified stems
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the shoot organ system and the root organ system
Distinguish between meristematic tissue and permanent tissue
Identify and describe the three regions where plant growth occurs
Summarize the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue
Compare simple plant tissue with complex plant tissue
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Define water potential and explain how it is influenced by solutes, pressure, gravity, and the matric potential
Describe how water potential, evapotranspiration, and stomatal regulation influence how water is transported in plants
Explain how photosynthates are transported in plants
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Compare the mechanisms and methods of natural and artificial asexual reproduction
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial asexual reproduction
Discuss plant life spans
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe what must occur for plant fertilization
Explain cross-pollination and the ways in which it takes place
Describe the process that leads to the development of a seed
Define double fertilization
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the two stages of a plant’s lifecycle
Compare and contrast male and female gametophytes and explain how they form in angiosperms
Describe the reproductive structures of a plant
Describe the components of a complete flower
Describe the development of microsporangium and megasporangium in gymnosperms
