By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plants
Explain carbohydrate classifications
List common monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the four major types of lipids
Explain the role of fats in storing energy
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Describe phospholipids and their role in cells
Define the basic structure of a steroid and some steroid functions
Explain how cholesterol helps maintain the plasma membrane's fluid nature
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe nucleic acids' structure and define the two types of nucleic acids
Explain DNA's structure and role
Explain RNA's structure and roles
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the functions proteins perform in the cell and in tissues
Discuss the relationship between amino acids and proteins
Explain the four levels of protein organization
Describe the ways in which protein shape and function are linked
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Understand macromolecule synthesis
Explain dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Define matter and elements
Describe the interrelationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons
Compare the ways in which electrons can be donated or shared between atoms
Explain the ways in which naturally occurring elements combine to create molecules, cells, tissues, organ systems, and organisms
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Explain why carbon is important for life
Describe the role of functional groups in biological molecules
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Describe the properties of water that are critical to maintaining life
Explain why water is an excellent solvent
Provide examples of water’s cohesive and adhesive properties
Discuss the role of acids, bases, and buffers in homeostasis
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Identify the shared characteristics of the natural sciences
Summarize the steps of the scientific method
Compare inductive reasoning with deductive reasoning
Describe the goals of basic science and applied science
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Analyze arguments against economic approaches to decision-making
Interpret a tradeoff diagram
Contrast normative statements and positive statements
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Calculate and graph budget constraints
Explain opportunity sets and opportunity costs
Evaluate the law of diminishing marginal utility
Explain how marginal analysis and utility influence choices
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Interpret production possibilities frontier graphs
Contrast a budget constraint and a production possibilities frontier
Explain the relationship between a production possibilities frontier and the law of diminishing returns
Contrast productive efficiency and allocative efficiency
Define comparative advantage
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Identify equilibrium price and quantity through the four-step process
Graph equilibrium price and quantity
Contrast shifts of demand or supply and movements along a demand or supply curve
Graph demand and supply curves, including equilibrium price and quantity, based on real-world examples
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Contrast consumer surplus, producer surplus, and social surplus
Explain why price floors and price ceilings can be inefficient
Analyze demand and supply as a social adjustment mechanism
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Explain demand, quantity demanded, and the law of demand
Identify a demand curve and a supply curve
Explain supply, quantity supplied, and the law of supply
Explain equilibrium, equilibrium price, and equilibrium quantity
